Indian Parliament Free Essays

PARLIAMENT IN INDIA AND SHORT NOTES ON OTHER PARLIAMENTS By, T. Vishnu, IX A. The  Parliament of India  is the supreme  legislative body  in  India. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Parliament or any similar topic only for you Order Now The parliament house originally known as ‘Council House ‘, founded in 1919, the Parliament alone possesses  legislative supremacy  and thereby ultimate power over all political bodies in India. The Parliament of India comprises thePresident of India  and the two Houses,  Lok Sabha  (House of the People) and  Rajya Sabha  (Council of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. The parliament is  bicameral, with an  upper house  called as Council of States or  Rajya Sabha, and a  lower house  called as House of People or  Lok Sabha. The two Houses meet in separate  chambers  , in New Delhi. The Members of either house are commonly referred to as Members of Parliament or MP. The MPs of Lok Sabha are elected by  direct election  and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies and Union territories of Delhi and Pondicherry only in accordance with  proportional voting. The Parliament is composed of 790 MPs, who serve the largest  democratic  electorate  in the world The Estimates Committee, constituted for the first time in  1950, is a Parliamentary Committee consisting of 30  Members, elected every year by the Lok Sabha from amongst its Members. The Chairman of the Committee is  appointed by the Speaker from amongst its members. A Minister cannot be elected as a member of the Committee and if a member after his election to the Committee, is appointed a Minister, he   ceases to be a member of the  Committee from the date of such appointment Term of Office The term of office of the Committee is one year. Functions The functions of the Estimates Committee are: (a) to report what economies, improvements in  organisation, efficiency or administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates  may be effected; (b) to suggest alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration; (c) to examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates; and d) to suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament. The Committee does not exercise its functions in relation to such Public Undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by the Rules of Procedure of Lok Sabha or by the Speaker. Working The  Parliament of Great Britain  was formed in 1707  Soon after it is constituted, the Committee selects such of the estimates pertaining to a Ministry/Department of the  Central Government or su ch of the statutory and other bodies of the Central Government as may seem fit to the Committee. The Committee also examines matters of special interest which may arise or come to light in the course of its work or which are specifically referred to it by the House or the Speaker. The Committee calls for preliminary material from the Ministry/Department, statutory and other Government bodies in regard to the subjects selected for examination and also memoranda from non-officials connected with the subjects for the use of the Members of the Committee. The Committee, from time to time, appoints one or more Sub-Committees/Study Groups for carrying out detailed examination of various subjects. If it appears to the Committee that it is necessary for the purpose of its examination that an on-the-spot study should be made, the Committee may, with the approval of the Speaker decide to undertake tours to make a study of any  particular matter, project or establishment, either as a whole Committee or by dividing itself into Study Groups. Notes relating to the institutions/offices etc. to be visited are called for in advance from the concerned Ministries/Departments etc. and circulated to the Members of the Committee/Sub- Committee/Study Group. The Members while on tour may also meet the representatives of chambers of commerce and other nonofficial trade organisations and bodies which are concerned with the subjects under examination of the Committee, for an informal discussion. When the Committee/Sub-Committee/Study Group is on study tour only informal sittings are held at the place of visit. At such sitting neither evidence is recorded nor any decisions are taken. All discussions held by the Committee with the representatives of the   Ministries/ Departments, nonofficial organisations, etc. re treated as confidential and  no one having access to the discussions directly or  indirectly, should communicate to the Press or anyunauthorised person any information about matters taken  up during the discussions. Later in the light of informal discussions during Study Tours,  memoranda received from non-officials and information  collected from the Ministry/Department concerned and other sources, non-official and offi cial witnesses are invited to give evidence at formal sittings of the Estimates Committee held in Parliament House/Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi. The observations/recommendations of the Committee are embodied in its Reports which are presented to Lok Sabha. After a Report has been presented to the House the Ministry or Department concerned is required to take action on the recommendations and conclusions contained in the Report within a period of six months. The replies of the Government are examined by the Committee and an Action Taken Report is presented to the House. The replies to the recommendations contained in the Action Taken Reports are laid on the Table of Lok Sabha in the form of Statements. While U. S. A’s parliament is called as UNITED STATES CONGRESS The  United States Congress  is the  bicameral  legislature  of the  federal government  of the  United States, consisting of the  Senate, its upper house, and the  House of Representatives, its lower house. Congress meets in the  Capitol  in  Washington, D. C. Both representatives and senators are chosen through  direct election. There are 535 voting Members of Congress; the House of Representatives has a membership of 435 and the Senate has a membership 100. Members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a district. Congressional districts are  apportioned  to states by  population  using the United States Census results, each state in the union having at least one representative in the Congress. Regardless of population, each of the 50 states has two senators; the 100 senators each serve a six-year term. The terms are staggered so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent. The  Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain  is the supreme  legislative body in the United kingdom, British  Crown dependencies  and  British overseas territories. The  parliament  is  bicameral, with an  upper house, the  House of Lords, and a  lower house, the  House of Commons. ]The Queen is the third component of the legislature. The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the  Lords Spiritual  (the senior  bishops  of the  Church of England) and the  Lords Temporal  (members of the  Peerage) whose members are not elected by the population at large, but are appointed by the Sovereign on advice of the Prime Minister . The  Parliament of Great Britain  was formed in 1707. Read also: My Ambition Is To Become a Collector How to cite Indian Parliament, Essay examples

Indian Parliament Free Essays

PARLIAMENT IN INDIA AND SHORT NOTES ON OTHER PARLIAMENTS By, T. Vishnu, IX A. The  Parliament of India  is the supreme  legislative body  in  India. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Parliament or any similar topic only for you Order Now The parliament house originally known as ‘Council House ‘, founded in 1919, the Parliament alone possesses  legislative supremacy  and thereby ultimate power over all political bodies in India. The Parliament of India comprises thePresident of India  and the two Houses,  Lok Sabha  (House of the People) and  Rajya Sabha  (Council of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. The parliament is  bicameral, with an  upper house  called as Council of States or  Rajya Sabha, and a  lower house  called as House of People or  Lok Sabha. The two Houses meet in separate  chambers  , in New Delhi. The Members of either house are commonly referred to as Members of Parliament or MP. The MPs of Lok Sabha are elected by  direct election  and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies and Union territories of Delhi and Pondicherry only in accordance with  proportional voting. The Parliament is composed of 790 MPs, who serve the largest  democratic  electorate  in the world The Estimates Committee, constituted for the first time in  1950, is a Parliamentary Committee consisting of 30  Members, elected every year by the Lok Sabha from amongst its Members. The Chairman of the Committee is  appointed by the Speaker from amongst its members. A Minister cannot be elected as a member of the Committee and if a member after his election to the Committee, is appointed a Minister, he   ceases to be a member of the  Committee from the date of such appointment Term of Office The term of office of the Committee is one year. Functions The functions of the Estimates Committee are: (a) to report what economies, improvements in  organisation, efficiency or administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates  may be effected; (b) to suggest alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration; (c) to examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates; and d) to suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament. The Committee does not exercise its functions in relation to such Public Undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by the Rules of Procedure of Lok Sabha or by the Speaker. Working The  Parliament of Great Britain  was formed in 1707  Soon after it is constituted, the Committee selects such of the estimates pertaining to a Ministry/Department of the  Central Government or su ch of the statutory and other bodies of the Central Government as may seem fit to the Committee. The Committee also examines matters of special interest which may arise or come to light in the course of its work or which are specifically referred to it by the House or the Speaker. The Committee calls for preliminary material from the Ministry/Department, statutory and other Government bodies in regard to the subjects selected for examination and also memoranda from non-officials connected with the subjects for the use of the Members of the Committee. The Committee, from time to time, appoints one or more Sub-Committees/Study Groups for carrying out detailed examination of various subjects. If it appears to the Committee that it is necessary for the purpose of its examination that an on-the-spot study should be made, the Committee may, with the approval of the Speaker decide to undertake tours to make a study of any  particular matter, project or establishment, either as a whole Committee or by dividing itself into Study Groups. Notes relating to the institutions/offices etc. to be visited are called for in advance from the concerned Ministries/Departments etc. and circulated to the Members of the Committee/Sub- Committee/Study Group. The Members while on tour may also meet the representatives of chambers of commerce and other nonofficial trade organisations and bodies which are concerned with the subjects under examination of the Committee, for an informal discussion. When the Committee/Sub-Committee/Study Group is on study tour only informal sittings are held at the place of visit. At such sitting neither evidence is recorded nor any decisions are taken. All discussions held by the Committee with the representatives of the   Ministries/ Departments, nonofficial organisations, etc. re treated as confidential and  no one having access to the discussions directly or  indirectly, should communicate to the Press or anyunauthorised person any information about matters taken  up during the discussions. Later in the light of informal discussions during Study Tours,  memoranda received from non-officials and information  collected from the Ministry/Department concerned and other sources, non-official and offi cial witnesses are invited to give evidence at formal sittings of the Estimates Committee held in Parliament House/Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi. The observations/recommendations of the Committee are embodied in its Reports which are presented to Lok Sabha. After a Report has been presented to the House the Ministry or Department concerned is required to take action on the recommendations and conclusions contained in the Report within a period of six months. The replies of the Government are examined by the Committee and an Action Taken Report is presented to the House. The replies to the recommendations contained in the Action Taken Reports are laid on the Table of Lok Sabha in the form of Statements. While U. S. A’s parliament is called as UNITED STATES CONGRESS The  United States Congress  is the  bicameral  legislature  of the  federal government  of the  United States, consisting of the  Senate, its upper house, and the  House of Representatives, its lower house. Congress meets in the  Capitol  in  Washington, D. C. Both representatives and senators are chosen through  direct election. There are 535 voting Members of Congress; the House of Representatives has a membership of 435 and the Senate has a membership 100. Members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a district. Congressional districts are  apportioned  to states by  population  using the United States Census results, each state in the union having at least one representative in the Congress. Regardless of population, each of the 50 states has two senators; the 100 senators each serve a six-year term. The terms are staggered so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent. The  Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain  is the supreme  legislative body in the United kingdom, British  Crown dependencies  and  British overseas territories. The  parliament  is  bicameral, with an  upper house, the  House of Lords, and a  lower house, the  House of Commons. ]The Queen is the third component of the legislature. The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the  Lords Spiritual  (the senior  bishops  of the  Church of England) and the  Lords Temporal  (members of the  Peerage) whose members are not elected by the population at large, but are appointed by the Sovereign on advice of the Prime Minister . The  Parliament of Great Britain  was formed in 1707. Read also: My Ambition Is To Become a Collector How to cite Indian Parliament, Essay examples

Debut Albums and Brent free essay sample

Have you ever wondered who Brent Bishop is, continue reading and you will learn his multi personalities. The book whirligig is written by Paul Fleischman, the mall character in the book is Brent Bishop, the new kid In school who Just wants to fit In with everyone else. Brent is a determined and resourceful teenager who just wants to do well. Brent Is a responsible teenager for many reasons. Whenever he killed lea he was determined to do whatever It took to make things right with leas mom.Leas mom tells Brent to go around the country on a bus putting up whalings that somehow represent lea. Although Brent could have faked putting up the whalings somewhere close to home and said he went around the country, he refused because he wanted to punish himself for what he did. Brent is also a very resourceful teenager. He used whatever he had to complete the whirligigs all around the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Brent or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead of buying all the supplies that he needed he would use scrap wood and paint.He is also resourceful because whenever he lost the whirligig instruction book he had to improvise and try and make it on his own. In conclusion Brent is a determined and resourceful teenager for many reasons. When he lost his book he used his skills to finish the whirligig by him self with whatever he could get his hands on. He is also a very determined after he got into a car accident killing an innocent person he wanted to do whatever it took to make restitution.

The poem the City Planners Essay Example

The poem the City Planners Paper In the poem the ‘City Planners’ and ‘Where I come from’ by Margaret Atwood and Elizabeth Brewster respectively, the poets use metaphors, imagery and use of negative as well as positive diction to describe the influence of the People over nature and animal kingdom. Atwood uses furious and resented tone and diction to describe the people, ‘city planners’ as selfish people who only care about personal gain. Whereas in ‘Where I come from’, the poet thinks that people are made of places and they behave according to the place they live in and treat nature and their surroundings accordingly. Both poems have themes of ‘organized life of people and nature’, which emphasizes the power of the people forcing it. In the City planners the poet presents the character of the planners as â€Å"political conspirators† that emphasizes their strength. This conveys a sense that everything in the city is controlled by them, even nature. Due to their actions the life in Singapore is like a list and this point is proven by the use of colons after the word ‘sanitary’ in the first stanza. This foreshadows the theme of organized life of people and nature. Sanitary trees, assert Levelness of surface like a rebuke This line gives an effect to the reader that everything is perfect in the city. There is a use of oxymoron to describe the trees, as trees cannot be sanitary. The use of oxymoron suggests that everything that is generally imperfect is the opposite in this city; every thing is perfect; even nature makes sense. This creates a very boring mood in the city as there is nothing very phenomenal and therefore the city isn’t very exciting. We will write a custom essay sample on The poem the City Planners specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The poem the City Planners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The poem the City Planners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It also suggests that nature under control and it isn’t allowed to be insane. Simile is used in this line to compare the asserter of the trees to level the surface, to a rebuke. Here too, the imperfect surface is made level, forcefully by the ‘sane trees’ that were, ironically, forced to be perfect as well. Atwood considers this as a criticism to the surface. Than the rational whine of the power mower cutting a straight swath in the discouraged grass. This line too, suggests the similar idea of nature being controlled. The word ‘cutting’ gives an effect that nature is being made perfect and sane. The use of the diction ‘discouraged’ suggests as if nature does not want to become perfect and sane but it does not have the power to overcome the ‘city planners’. An example of the similar idea is seen when the poet uses the word â€Å"power† in front of the mower. The word power foreshadows the idea of ‘everything in the city having power, except for nature’. The same slant of avoidance to the hot sky. The people also ignore disorganized nature that the city planners cannot change. This can be seen clearly when, â€Å"the same slant of avoidance to the hot sky† is mentioned. In this line the houses avoiding the sun are a metaphor for the people. The poet uses a deeper layer to the meaning by using the houses as a metaphor. The metaphor suggests that the people in Singapore are ‘planned’ to avoid imperfectness. They are planned to avoid insane and irregular nature just like the life of animals and people are planned and organized. When the houses, capsized, will slide obliquely into the clay seas, gradual as glaciers that right now nobody notices. In this stanza, the poet uses enjambment in order to speed up the poem. The lines in this stanza suggest that, even after the city’s perfection it will end in ruins. The use the words, ‘into the clay seas’ give an ironic suggestion that the imperfection shall remain, but not the perfect cities. In the poem ‘Where I come from’, the poet symbolizes her past and uses metaphors to convey her feelings towards nature and the animals. She is of the opinion that people are ‘made’ of places such as forests, mountains etc. This, like the colons in the first poem, is used to foreshadow her opinion towards the people living in different areas and nature. Nature tidily plotted in little squares with a fountain in the center; museum smell, art also tidily plotted with a guidebook; In these lines a similar idea of nature being controlled by people is seen. The use and repetition of the diction ‘tidily plotted’ is used to create an atmosphere of perfection in the city and it is emphasized by the repetition. The word ‘plotted’ suggests that people do not allow nature to grow randomly. They force it to grow in a specific way. The word â€Å"guidebook† is a metaphor for the lives of the people. It conveys a sense of being very organized and precise. It sounds as if the people know what is going to happen in their future as they have a fixed timetable. It also suggests that nature has to follow this timetable too. This idea is also seen in ‘the City Planners’ when the poet uses diction such as ‘same avoidance of the hot sun’. She idealizes her childhood memories of the past. She states that in the countryside the people are very different from those in the city. Here, nature is not considered to be subservient that can be clearly seen when the poet conveys how nature is not controlled, â€Å"blueberry batches in burnt out bush†, â€Å"with yards where hens and chickens circle about, clucking aimlessly; battered schoolhouses behind which violets grow. † . The word â€Å"burnt† is effective because is conveys a sense of not being controlled. This suggests that people in the countryside do not replace nature; they simply give them time for growing once again. The line, â€Å"Battered school houses behind which violets grow† also emphasizes the freedom of nature in the countryside. The use of imagery, â€Å"violets†, growing behind the â€Å"battered† schoolhouses suggests that nature can grow anywhere beautifully and its real beauty is shown when it is allowed to grow randomly. The poets of both the poems think that nature is being controlled by modern society. Atwood blames the city planners as the reason behind this whereas Brewster believes that common people in the city are also blamed for controlling nature and thinks that people behave differently according to the place they live in.

The History of Fire Fighting

The History of Fire Fighting Free Online Research Papers Firefighting is the use techniques and equipment to extinguish fires and limit the damage caused by them. It seems logical that since the creation of fire, or shortly thereafter that there would be a need for the development of firefighting. In order to fully understand the direction of this essential profession we must gain an understanding and appreciation for its history. In 24 BC, the Roman emperor Augustus is credited with instituting the first fire â€Å"department† consisting of fire-fighting vigiles or watchmen (www.firehistoryus.org). With the creation of the first organized group of people dedicated to fighting fires also came the first regulations for checking and preventing fires. Additionally, fire alarms were first used at this time to alert other firefighters and civilians of the impending fire. The principal piece of fire-fighting equipment used at this time in ancient Rome through to early modern times was the bucket (www.windsorfire.com). The bucket was passed from hand to hand to deliver water to the fire, with the empty bucket being returned to the start of the line. This method was used by the early fire departments of the United States. After a major fire in Boston in 1631, the first fire regulations in America were established and the first service formally began in about 1680. This was when the first paid fire department wa s established (www.infoplease.com). It is important to note that Volunteer fire departments began with Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia in 1735 (www.windsorfire.com). Many people are surprised that the same Ben Franklin that assisted in the creation of the United States Declaration of Independence and invented bifocals and the lightening rod had such an impact on the implementation of fire departments. Equally surprising to Benjamin Franklin’s contribution to the history of firefighting is the fact that George Washington imported the first fire engine from England in about 1765. This engine was a hand-pumper, requiring men to move the engine to the fire and operate the pumps with levers to direct water through the hoses. The engine was given to the Alexandria, Virginia fire company, where Washington was a volunteer firefighter himself. (www.winsorfire.com). The next revolutionary advancement in the realm of fire apparatus came when the steam engine was developed in England in the early 1800’s (www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_apparatus). When these steam engines were first widely used in the United States the firefighters had to physically pull the trucks to the fire. By the mid 1850’s horses were used to pull these steam pumpers. This is where we see the emergence of the Dalmatian dogs association with firefighters. Dalmatians were trained to escort the horse dra wn engines to the fire scene and keep away other animals from interfering (www.firefightercentral.com). For the most part the firefighters of today are bound by a highly structured chain of command and have specific responsibilities and duties on the scene of a fire. This was something that was evident to early fire departments – centralized command was needed. In New York in 1761, Jacobus Stoutenburgh became the head or Chief Engineer of the volunteer fire department. It is believed that this is the where the traditional Fire Chief evolved from (www.firefightercentral.com). Modern firefighting has come a long way from these early beginnings. However these traditions of service to the community and the spirit of being a part of a structured team are as much a part of today`s fire departments as they always have been. Many modern fire departments spend a decreasing amount of overall activity in fighting fires. Instead, fire fighters typically respond to all kinds of emergencies. For example, in the U.S. approximately 70 percent of all emergency medical calls are handled by the f ire service. The same is true in many other countries (www.emergencydispatch.org). Some departments have dually trained firefighters – those trained in both fire and emergency medical response. This need was identified due to a decrease in fire related calls and an increase in medical calls. Additionally, firefighters are heavily involved in fire prevention and education, building design and construction as well as enforcement of fire standards. The enormous increase in transportation of hazardous materials or dangerous goods has resulted in intensified training for fire fighters, and their departments often provide them with chemical protective clothing and monitoring equipment (www.emergencydispatch.org). Most fire departments also prepare and equip their members to handle emergencies that result from earthquakes, plane crashes, and violent storms. In addition, fire fighters handle incidents that require extricating trapped people from fallen structures, from cave-ins, an d from other situations as well as perform search and rescues (www.emergencydispatch.org). Modern fire departments are experiencing firsthand the advancements in fire technology. New nozzles and monitors, extinguishing agents, fire sensors, protective clothing, portable radio communication devices and thermal imaging cameras are to name a few. Those entering this historic profession today are sure to see many innovating and exciting advancements in the years to come. References A Brief History of Fire, Retrieved February 27, 2009, www.windsorfire.com The History of Fire, (2003) Retrieved February 27, 2009 , www.firehistoryus.org Fire Apparatus, (2006) Retrieved February 26, 2009 www.infoplease.com Firefighting. In Wikipedia. Retrieved February 26, 2009, www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_apparatus Firefighting History, Retrieved February 28, 2009 www.firefightercentral.com Fire History, Retrieved February 27, 2009 www.emergencydispatch.org Research Papers on The History of Fire FightingAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionWhere Wild and West MeetThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Quebec and Canada

Health Assessments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Assessments - Essay Example education system that not only makes the children learn new things, but also stay healthy while parents may have missed some of these issues in health (Weber 37). These tools are some of them dumped away since they are not allowed to get  reused. This is seen in pregnancy tests that can be used in various schools to identify the ailments and relations of symptoms to particular situations in a female. This kind of tool among others get  dumped, however tools such as the immunization calendar is replaced after time. The thermometer, on the other hand, cannot be disposed of since it is set in a place that doesn’t make it a health hazard to other users. Tools used are useful in making sure there is no problem with the students thus not hindering their studies. While the teachers primary goal is to  improving the intelligence of children in school, they should also look at the other factors that cause poor education understanding. These factors make it a reason for the teachers to use these tools for proper health in the students they teach. These tools should also be used daily to ensure that the students do not get issues in their studies since disease is an unexpected issue that can happen any day and time (Weber 56). The reason for assessment is important according to US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health because it makes disease stemming easier as for cases such as cancer and other dangerous diseases that make it almost impossible to stop when time is

EBay in Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EBay in Asia - Essay Example 22). EBay has been trying to make its way into the Asian markets. It has been noticed that the American companies have had to face some problems in making their ways into the Asian markets. However, Starbucks has been successfully working in Asian markets since many years. Cultures have an influence over the markets thus making them cultural markets and these are the main factors that are to be understood. EBay has been a failure in understanding the culture of Asian markets (Lovelock and Wirtz, 2005, p. 23). Gunaxi is the term that American companies should be familiar with. This explains the basic nature of dynamics involved in the personal network of influence and this concept runs in the Chinese society. This explains the dealing between two people in which one of the persons performs an act of service. EBay has failed to learn the fact that the Chinese, after the Africans, are corrupt people and bribery is a common factor in the Chinese society. To excel in the Chinese society, EBay has failed to make notice of the ways in which Chinese people could be handled so as to make ways in the markets. EBay had to make sure that right officials were bribed so as to make way into the markets (The University of California, 2006, p. 33). Marketing is an integrated communication based process wherein it is understood that the needs of the customers can be satisfied through proper communication. Marketing orientations play an important role in the marketing strategy. The product orientation is where the firm is concerned with the quality of the product. The sales orientation, customer orientation, production, marketing and organizational orientations are the main orientations that firms have to keep in mind. For proper marketing the four Ps are known to the marketing world. The four Ps are necessary to understand the basic requirements for international marketing. The four Ps are inclusive of the Product deals with specification related to the products as well as the needs of the customer. Pricing includes the prices as well as the discounts being offered on the products. Placement or distribution refers to the ways in which a product reaches the customer. Promotion is the way in which a product is marketed in the market so as to attract customers. These are the four main points that EBay has to keep in mind when reaching out to the international markets (Freeman and Bartels, 2004, p. 33). These are the four points which make up the marketing mix for any organization. Apart from these four points the other issues that should be kept in mind while reaching out to the international markets are the cultural differences with the other countries. These are the main errors that have been committed by EBay when making their ways into the international markets, especially Asian markets. In addition to this the expansion and entry into foreign markets can be achieved successfully by following the four mechanisms. Exporting is the mechanism by which an international market can be reached in a proper manner by selling the product in a foreign market. The property of the licensor for product production can be used by the mechanism of